Ion exchange, as a traditional
process, has been around since the time of the Romans. The best known
application of ion exchange is the softening of water to remove calcium and
other scaling agents. Ion exchangers are solid adsorbent materials that have
charge sites containing exchangeable cations or anions. Ion exchange is a
stoichiometric and diffusion-rate-controlled process whereby cations and anions
can be interchanged from the solution phase to the solid exchanger phase.
Conventional batch ion exchange utilizes large vessels filled with ion exchange
resins. These systems are usually wasteful in consumption of water and
chemicals and so historically have been restricted to applications where feeds
are diluted or where product values are extremely high.
Adsorption is similar to ion exchange in that species in solution transfer to the solid phase and in a cyclic process a change in solution properties can be used to desorb the species in a regeneration step. State of the art . Over the last two decades, significant advances have occurred in the field of solid adsorbents and exchangers and even more so in the field of contacting with the advent of new contactor technology. |
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